Golden ratio
There are many different names for the golden ratio.
The Golden Mean, Phi, the Divine Section, The Golden Cut, The Golden Proportion, The Divine Proportion, and others
The Great Pyramid of Giza built around 2560 BC is one of the earliest examples of the use of the golden ratio.
Euclid (365BC - 300BC) in his "Elements" calls dividing a line at the 0.6180399.. point dividing a line in the extreme and mean ratio. This later gave rise to the name Golden Mean. He used this phrase to mean the ratio of the smaller part of this line, GB to the larger part AG (GB/AG) is the same as the ratio of the larger part, AG, to the whole line AB (AG/AB).Then the definition means that GB/AG = AG/AB.
Plato, a Greek philosopher theorised about the Golden Ratio. He believed that if a line was divided into two unequal segments so that the smaller segment was related to the larger in the same way that the larger segment was related to the whole, what would result would be a special proportional relationship.
Luca Pacioli wrote a book called De Divina Proportione (The Divine Proportion) in 1509. It contains drawings made by Leonardo da Vinci of the 5 Platonic solids. Leonardo Da Vinci first called it the sectio aurea (Latin for the golden section).
Today, mathematicians also use the initial letter of the Greek Phidias who used the golden ratio in his sculptures.
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